Research Essay for Intellectual Property Rights - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Expound on theResearch Essay for Intellectual Property Rights. Answer: As globalization is avoiding hindrances to correspondences and exchange, it is growing new types of isolation due to the wide of innovation between the rich and the poor nations. This is apparent from the way that the created nations hold the financial force while the least created or the creating nations persevere to confront monetary marginalization[1]. So as to upgrade limit and advance both financial advancement and human turn of events, the creating nations are urged to quicken entrepreneurialism, bolster development and improve the securing of specialized aptitudes. Under the lawful system of the worldwide Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) which is fundamentally founded on the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS Agreement), the part states off the World Trade Organization (WTO) are required to cling to the specified least principles of IPRs security. The IPRs invest the speculators with motivations to put resources into innovative work of ne w advancements and license them to procure returns on their ventures by method of furnishing them with restraining infrastructure rights. Be that as it may, the current system of the TRIPS understanding neglects to find some kind of harmony between creating private motivations and propelling innovation moves and advancing advancement to support the general population. The current system has been dependent upon a few reactions inferable from its inability to keep up balance between the advantages of the general population and the private incentives[2]. Prior to the implementation of the TRIPS Agreement, the creating nations had negligible motivating forces to shape an exceptionally defensive IPRs legitimate structure rather; they focused essentially on supporting free progression of data and procuring an innovative base. The challengers of solid IPRs system in the creating nations contended that the creating nations expect openness toward the Western Technology so as to improve their innovative development. The contention suggests that data must be furnished to the creating countries with constrained limitations, as improvement of the creating countries is one of the fields of enthusiasm of the considerable number of countries around the world. The rivals of the IPRs security further contended that the vast majority of the created nations have been getting a charge out of extraordinary opportunity in misusing licensed innovation for the improvement of their own economy preceding the initiation of the TRIPs Agreement[3]. Notwithstan ding, if the understanding comes to impact, it would antagonistically influence the financial development, as it would urge the creating nations to pay for the use of the licensed innovation as is clear from the enterprises and people in created nations. Then again, created nations are vigorously subject to move of data and innovation and think about it as a principal part of their economies, contended for an exceptionally defensive IPRs system rather than the creating countries[4]. These nations are of the conclusion that composed theft debilitates the motivating force structure that exchange imprint, patent or copyright implies to ensure and besides, with the execution of the TRIPs understanding the creating countries would have the option to improve the imaginative exercises locally and give more prominent accessibility of trend setting innovations from remote countries[5]. The scholarly rights find some kind of harmony between the necessities of society to support advancement and improvement of new innovations, abstract and aesthetic works. The creating nations expect that a more grounded and powerful licensed innovation assurance system may energize residential development, specialized upgrades, and so on the creating nations have IPRs frameworks that bolsters scattering of data through minimal effort impersonation of remote advances and items which infers that possibilities for local development and innovation are not sufficiently evolved to make sure about security. This is essentially in light of the fact that a large portion of the item advancements focuses on residential markets and are profited by local security of utility models, exchange privileged insights and licenses and such creations include minor adjustments of winning items and technologies[6]. So as to get serious, the partnerships in creating nations must receive new administration strategies for quality control, to upgrade showcase efficiency. Such speculations are costly however they tend to have taking off social returns and assume a urgent job in expanding profitability toward universal standard[7]. For example, security gave by utility models has demonstrated to improve efficiency in nations having poor innovations. In Brazil, utility models have empowered household makers to accomplish a noteworthy portion of the homestead hardware showcase by supporting adjustment of remote advances to local conditions. While IPRs guarantee to upgrade development and advancement under proper conditions, it might prompt troubles identifying with the social and financial expenses. The TRIPS understanding has neglected to accomplish balance between the created countries and creating countries regarding the different contending cases of both the nations[8]. The creating nations may need to confront net government assistance misfortunes in the short-run inferable from the few costs related with the insurance that may emerge sooner than the points of interest referenced previously. Another analysis that the TRIPS understanding is exposed to is that the understanding doesn't give a fitting uniform standard to the various exhibit of states. On one hand, the created countries as of now have proper degrees of IPR insurance on account of which the IP right-holders profit by the upgraded and exceptionally defensive IPRs system. Then again, the creating countries experience financial misfortune as it is costly t o build up the suitable implementation and authoritative component that is required to help the current profoundly defensive IPRs system. Despite the fact that the understanding targets giving the creating nations long haul gains with the reinforcing of the framework, the move to the more grounded security includes costs in the short-run and such costs are not insignificant naturally. To finish up, the TRIPS Agreement is a type of IPR assurance that is favorable to the created nations as they are in an increasingly useful stage under the understanding when contrasted with the creating country. The Agreement gets the creating countries availability to innovation and plagues the dispersion of the cutting edge innovation that is required for the improvement of the economy. It neglects to accomplish the harmony between creating private motivating forces and advancing exchange of innovation to serve people in general. Reference List Bellmann, Christophe, and Ricardo Melendez-Ortiz, eds.Trading in Knowledge: Development Perspectives on TRIPS, Trade and Sustainability. Routledge, 2013. Cimoli, Mario, et al. The job of protected innovation rights in creating nations: Some conclusions.Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and Economic Challenges for Development(2014): 503-513. Cimoli, Mario, et al.Intellectual property rights: lawful and monetary difficulties for advancement. Oxford University Press, 2014. Mani, Sunil, and Richard R. Nelson, eds.TRIPS consistence, national patent systems and advancement: proof and experience from creating nations. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. Maskus, Keith E. Licenses and Technology Transfer through Trade and the Role of Regional Trade Agreements. (2016). Rimmer, Matthew. Exchange wars the TRIPS Council: Intellectual property, innovation move, and environmental change. (2016). Roa, Carolina, et al. Plant hereditary assets: Needs, rights, and opportunities.Trends in Plant Science21.8 (2016): 633-636. Watal, Jayashree. Is TRIPS a Balanced Agreement from the Perspective of Recent Free Trade Agreements?.EU Bilateral Trade Agreements and Intellectual Property: For Better or Worse?. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. 41-57.

2.5 Food Safety Work File

2. 5 Food Safety Work File Headings: Complete the sanitation intelligent test. Utilize the data from the intelligent test to finish the accompanying reactions with respect to sanitation rehearses. For every one of the accompanying sanitation rehearses, share at any rate 2 articulations from the intelligent test. Make certain to place these announcements in your own words and clarify why they are useful in forestalling food borne ailment. A model would be: When eating from a smorgasbord, ensure hot food is hot and cold food is cold.Food that is 40 †140 degrees Fahrenheit has just started to develop microscopic organisms and pathogens.Clean (16 points):Keeping your hands clean shield you from getting ill.Keeping your surfaces clean subsequent to cooking or letting a creature sit on it.Separate (16 points):When cross pollution happens it spreads microorganisms from one thing to a food thing which will make you sick.Never put prepared food on a similar thing a crude food was on without washing it.Cook (16 poi nts):Using a food thermometer is the main way you can tell without a doubt if a food has arrived at the temperature that slaughters the bacteria.Cook defrosted food to a base interior temperature to execute the bacteria.Chill (16 points):When prepared food is forgotten about for a really long time it can develop microbes that can make you sick.Freezig nourishments to 0 degrees inactivates bacteria’s. In your own kitchen, clarify 2 sanitation rehearses you feel your family can improve and 2 sanitation rehearses you feel your family does well.(16 focuses) I feel we can improve preparing food to the right temperature, and cleaning our hands in the wake of contacting crude nourishments. I feel that we get cooked nourishments far from crude nourishments, and cleaning surfaces in the wake of having crude food sources on it. In what ways do your school and network rehearse or elevate sanitation to add to your own wellbeing? (20 focuses) Our people group advances sanitation by having wellbeing monitors come to restraunts and ensuring they don’t have any wellbeing infringement.

SIPA Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Fellowships COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I like to try to be as transparent as possible concerning admissions and financial aid at SIPA I am not a cloak and dagger type of guy.   I like two button sport coats, bright ties, and sneakers . . . but this is not about my fashion sense. I know that paying for school is a big issue, both from a personal and professional standpoint.   Personally, I attended graduate school and borrowed a substantial amount of money to do so.   Professionally, it is almost impossible to talk with a prospective student and not have the topic of the cost of education come up.   In order to provide some additional insight into the situation at SIPA I thought I would post some basic information about fellowships.   There are a lot of words in this entry and no pictures, so hang in there and read carefully and I think you will find the information valuable. First I will note that we are not able to give out near the amount of money we would like to give to first year students.   Each year we award approximately 10% of incoming students funding and the average award is around $15,000.   Below are two examples of common emails we receive after admission decisions have been sent out: I am very happy to have been admitted to SIPA, however is there any way that the admissions committee can reconsider me for fellowship funding (or increase an award I have been given)? I have been admitted to SIPA and to another school and the other school is offering me funding.   Can SIPA match the funding provided by the other school? The SIPA Admissions Committee actually spends twice the amount of fellowship money we have.   Why do we do this?   Because history shows that not everyone we award funding to will attend.   Thus we greatly overspend which means that if an applicant declines their award, we cannot simply shift that money to another applicant. Regarding the second question, each school has a different committee, different applicant pool, and different budget.   In my Apples and Oranges entry a while back I talked about how comparing an offer from one school to another may seem like a logical thing to do, but the comparison is fraught with complications and variables.   And as stated above, as much as we are excited about having you come, we simply cannot base our decision on the capability of another school to provide funding. So what about the second year?   I am happy to say that the majority of second year students at SIPA that are qualified to apply for fellowship do receive funding.   So how do you qualify?   In order to apply for second year funding at SIPA a first year student must have a 3.2 GPA at the end of the first semester.   If you meet the GPA requirement, you will submit an application to the Office of Student Affairs at SIPA in March of your first year.   Roughly 70% of those who apply are awarded funding and the average award is around $20,000. Second year students who are awarded fellowship funds typically have some sort of work requirement associated with the fellowship.   This can include working for a professor or in administrative department such as admissions, career services, or institutional technology. This is a good time to put in a plug for our summer math tutorial.   Since second year funding is so dependent on academic performance, it behooves you to do all that you can to make sure you do well in the first semester   a semester in which you will be taking a heavy dose of core requirements which are quantitatively heavy.   In May admitted applicants who have chosen to enroll will be sent instructions on how to participate in an on-line summer math tutorial. I cannot recommend highly enough that applicants who plan on enrolling participate in the summer math tutorial.   Even if you took many quantitatively oriented classes in the past, it would do you well to knock off a little bit of rust.   Again I can speak from personal experience.   I started my graduate program when I was 28 and boy was it a shock to my system when the syllabus of the first class hit my desk. And for those who might not have completed an economics sequence, high level math class, or a statistics class, taking a summer class from a college near you is a great idea.   Courses might include microeconomics, macroeconomics, statistics, linear algebra, precalculus, or calculus. I hope this gives you a bit of insight into the process at SIPA and please click here to explore information related to cost of attendance at SIPA.   The financial aid staff in my office are working fast and furious and will be sending out financial aid letters with more information.   We try to send out an estimated award letter shortly after the admission offer is made to give you an idea of what aid you might be eligible to receive, but it does take us some time to give specifics regarding government and private aid you may be eligible to receive in an official award letter.   Thank you in advance for your patience.

The Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives - 900 Words

There are so many things that go on in this world, with this in mind think about how everyone gets their information; Media. The world is surrounded by people walking in the streets on their phones, sitting at a restaurant on their phones, even at work on their phones, do you see the problem? There are so many things that happen on a daily basis, but there are only a few people that can go thought the day without their phones. Phones are the next generation baby sitters. With news at our fingertips the speed at which news gets around is so shocking. Social media is how people get their information and strive through the day, but when is it too much. From the invention of a cell phone to now, there have been so many advances. With the new technology advance, there comes the people that have to have the best of the best, which increases the amount of time one is on their phone. With news giving people facts and the truth with a little bit of bias, there is a point that they are trying to get out. Then on the other side to that you have the mass media that alters the truth which has a lot of people that influence the facts. The media is a huge way for people to communicate and when they do they things they say are written and can be altered which in some cases is not the best. With there being so many different types of apps and what not there are tons of places for people to get information, sometimes the information that they are getting is false accusation, but technologyShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Effects On Our Lives1200 Words   |  5 PagesEver since World Wide Web came out in 1990, it has opened a floodgate for sharing and communicating over the internet in the form of social media. People can keep in touch with their friends and families from across the world, know what they are up to, and see all the interesting things that goes on in their lives. Keeping up with everyone and everything no longer requires tedious phone calls and email messages . Instead, we have easier, better looking, more interactive, and all around more fun waysRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives1608 Words   |  7 Pagescommunication has been an important factor in our lives. This was the only source of communication for a long period of time. Over time, we developed new ways of communicating with each other such as emailing and talking on the phone. Human beings have become so reliant on the use of electronic devices to communicate. Although this is a good way to keep in touch with friends, it can become a serious problem to many individuals. The growth of social media sites began to grow in the year 2003, whichRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives1563 Words   |  7 Pages Blink This day and age we call social is far from it. People are becoming slaves to their devices, living their life through a screen. We find self worth through how many â€Å"likes† we got on our picture, or how many â€Å"friends† on our Facebook page. Social media has created a generation of smart phones and dumb people. Where staying connected, is more important than creating connections with others. Where we would rather stare at our friend list while waiting for the bus than simply striking upRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives2017 Words   |  9 PagesSocial Media as well as texting plays an important role in our day to day life. Many say a negative impact on our life. Just about everywhere, there will be somebody on their mobile device either communicating with someone or playing Angry Birds. Most People in this day and age own a cell phone. For the people owning cellphones, they are more likely to be less social because they spend on average one hour and forty minutes on social media alone. Social media is decreasing the in skill communicationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives1940 Words   |  8 PagesWith the use of social media being the main way we communicate in today s society, it has become a worldwide phenomenon with people around the world using this platform as a way of communication. Have you ever thought about how social media could be affecting your life? Does it affect it in a negative or positive way? Most people don’t see how social media can be affecting their daily life. It s more than just logging onto Facebook, Instagram,Tumblr or Twitter to get your daily updates on someRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Our Lives Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication such as proxemics, chronemics, paralanguage and haptics. The way in which we use space, body language, tone and time do indeed, communicate something in one way or another. Communication is not only evolved by our words. Fur thering this recognition, social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and more lack a majority of these communication components. On a deeper level, interpersonal communication also revolves around these same components. So, if these components are lostRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Our Lives865 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience, social interaction online it helps me to keep in touch with families, friends and also for networking, but in general my post is more likely about my family , â€Å"Selfies† or just simple funny post that I may like. In particular, social media allows me to have easy communication access with significant other that are out of the country. Many of Us for the most part has been affected by social media in their daily person to person interaction now days, the texting, email and media account likeRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives918 Words   |  4 Pagesin anything in the world you want. Whether, you want to work from home, talk to your family and friends. The greatest thing in the world is that Social Media is at your bedside, friends at your bedside how great is that. When Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc, began did you think that there would be a limit to friendships? No, constant use of social media has become the normal. People are making friends, lots of friends every day. Robin Dunbar say there is a Limit of Friendship, she compares herRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Our Daily Lives1121 Words   |  5 Pagesof many competitive media cleavages, where their ideas can be rewarded by a corrupt editorial board. The practice of seeking resources that validate existing beliefs is by no means a new phenomenon, but social media further enables a participant to intentionally narrow their minds. The infectious and demanding nature of social media prompted this analysis of its effect on our news consumption. The search for amusement and truth in our daily lives is easily transmitted to our virtual persona, anRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Our Lives Today1953 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause of the advent of social media. Rather, social media did not invent the transmission of these messages, but it has made their transmission easier and more immediate than ever. The cell phones we carry in our pockets today are more powerful and versatile than the computers, cameras, tape recorders, and library books combined of twenty years ago. With all of this power, however, comes the great effect of social media on our lives today. Given the examples above, those effects include: gratitude,

State Wide Recognition Of The Oklahoma Kaos - 1070 Words

State-wide Recognition Let’s all be honest, when in a tight situation where a lot is on the line, having someone say, ‘No pressure.’ is the worst thing that could be ever said in that moment. Regardless, this is what was said to me and my 10-year-old baseball team, The Oklahoma Kaos before hitting the field to have a chance to get to finals in the State Championship. It was June 18th, 2010, and we had clawed our way out of losers bracket to get to the semifinals. We had come too far to give up or fail now. We came across a team called the Pawhuska Huskies, a team we had creamed in an earlier tournament 23-3 in one whole inning. The team joked back and forth about how easy this would be and how we already made it to the finals. But while†¦show more content†¦The worry I had earlier began to slowly dissipate as we headed onward to the next inning. It’s a shame that the worry was only gone for a total of 18 pitches before they had gotten three scores and were ahead of us. W hen we finally got inside the dugout for our turn to bat, we were pumped to get back ahead of them as fast as possible. We were able to get one run before we reached our three outs and were thrust back onto the field with a tying score. They took two runs from us again causing me to get worried again. They just went ahead of us by two points, and I felt that all was lost. We were finally able to get the last out and we headed inside to the dugout. We were only able to get one run back like last time and I felt that we would lose and then we would be unable to go to the World Series, which is something I had wanted to achieve for sometime. But we were struck out and we went back out onto the field. While I felt as if we would lose, I still wanted to try my hardest to change that outcome. I played my hardest at Shortstop and was able to get two of the three outs by a double play. Sadly that play had come at the expense of a run from their team. The last batter from their team was stru ck out and we headed back to get ready and bat. The crowd kept supporting us through the bad calls from the umpire and the strikeouts even to this point. The team was motivated and ready to take this game and head to finals with my morale boosted I got ready to cheer my team on State Wide Recognition Of The Oklahoma Kaos - 1070 Words State-wide Recognition Let’s all be honest, when in a tight situation where a lot is on the line, having someone say, ‘No pressure.’ is the worst thing that could be ever said in that moment. Regardless, this is what was said to me and my 10-year-old baseball team, The Oklahoma Kaos before hitting the field to have a chance to get to finals in the State Championship. It was June 18th, 2010, and we had clawed our way out of losers bracket to get to the semifinals. We had come too far to give up or fail now. We came across a team called the Pawhuska Huskies, a team we had creamed in an earlier tournament 23-3 in one whole inning. The team joked back and forth about how easy this would be and how we already made it to the finals. But while†¦show more content†¦The worry I had earlier began to slowly dissipate as we headed onward to the next inning. It’s a shame that the worry was only gone for a total of 18 pitches before they had gotten three scores and were ahead of us. W hen we finally got inside the dugout for our turn to bat, we were pumped to get back ahead of them as fast as possible. We were able to get one run before we reached our three outs and were thrust back onto the field with a tying score. They took two runs from us again causing me to get worried again. They just went ahead of us by two points, and I felt that all was lost. We were finally able to get the last out and we headed inside to the dugout. We were only able to get one run back like last time and I felt that we would lose and then we would be unable to go to the World Series, which is something I had wanted to achieve for sometime. But we were struck out and we went back out onto the field. While I felt as if we would lose, I still wanted to try my hardest to change that outcome. I played my hardest at Shortstop and was able to get two of the three outs by a double play. Sadly that play had come at the expense of a run from their team. The last batter from their team was stru ck out and we headed back to get ready and bat. The crowd kept supporting us through the bad calls from the umpire and the strikeouts even to this point. The team was motivated and ready to take this game and head to finals with my morale boosted I got ready to cheer my team on

Properties of Gases Free Essays

Heather Schnicker 26 October 2012 Experiment # 4 (Lab 3) Properties of Gases PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment was to investigate and identify the chemical properties of the gases tested. DATA Gas| FLAME REACTION| GLOWING SPLINT| LIMEWATER REACTION| BROMOTHYMOL BLUE REACTION| Hydrogen| NO REACTION| Â  | Â  | Â  | Oxygen| Â  | BURNED BRIGHTER| Â  | Â  | Hydrogen amp; Oxygen| QUICK FLAME BURST| Â  | Â  | Â  | Carbon Dioxide| Â  | PUT THE FIRE OUT| NO REACTION| TURNED YELLOW| Alka Seltzer| Â  | Â  | BUBBLED| Â  | Breath| Â  | Â  | HUGE BUBBLES| Â  | CONCLUSION Based off this experiment it made me realize that the reactions are much more different when comparing an acidic or basic solution. By doing these experiments at home also proves a point in that knowing what type of reaction to expect is a must. We will write a custom essay sample on Properties of Gases or any similar topic only for you Order Now QUESTIONS A. Give two reasons why we fill the gas generator test tubes almost to the top with chemicals. * To get as much gas as possible without any air * Some of the chemicals could react with the oxygen that is filling up the rest of the test tube B. What happens to the zinc in the hydrogen generation experiment? * It dissolves C. What happens to the manganese in the oxygen generation experiment? * The manganese acted as a catalyst D. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between 02 and H2? -H2 + H2 +02= 2H20 E. What is the function/purpose of the bromothymol blue in the C02 experiment? -To show how acidic solutions react differently than basic solutions E. Bromothymol blue is blue in the presence of basic solutions, and yellow in the presence of acidic solutions. If your solution is a murky green, what might you assume about a solution? -It is a mixture of acidic and basic solutions How to cite Properties of Gases, Papers

Bhuuki free essay sample

While these forms are al very different, they do posses a common denominator, the principle of organic architecture. An examination of Wrights designs and writings will shed light on the architects amazing ability to synthesize an emerging modern world with the natural world through the principles of organic architecture. Before taking a closer look at the principles of organic architecture, the social climate of the late nineteenth century must be considered.During the late nineteenth century, transformations in the economy, technological advances and a reorientation of social ideals led to changes seen in American architecture. As Clifford Clark wrote in the American Family Home, 1800-1960: In the years following the Civil War, the expansion of railroads, the establishment of a national telegraph and telephone network, the systemization of the currency, the growth of newspapers and magazines, and the tremendous influx of immigrants, created national markets for products and substan tially increased factory production (136). We will write a custom essay sample on Bhuuki or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rural nature of America began to shift. The expanding railroads made travel more accessible and movement to urban areas easier. By 1900 most Americans felt the influences and affects of urban life, even if they still lived in a rural community. The expansion of industry and technological advances filtered into virtually every aspect of American life. Technological advances began to change the quality of life for many Americans. The invention of gas hot water heaters, indoor plumbing, and mechanical washing machines promised to simplify the everyday life of families.Baking and sewing were no longer everyday chores that required hours of labor. Now, families were able to purchase many goods such as bread and clothes. The vast array of new consumer products, ranging from clothes and cosmetics to foods and appliances, created an imaginative world offering new opportunities and experiences (Clark 140). Families were surrounded by more and more accessible goods and services. Capitalizing on a culture of consumption, aggressive advertising campaigns hit newspapers and magazines across the country.For the first time many families were able to partake in luxuries that had usually been reserved for the upper classes. With the luxuries, however, came disillusionment and uncertainty in the industrialized nation. In 1893, a depression marked the most devastating financial period of the asses. Millions of people lost their jobs and labor disputes riddled the steel and rail industries. Looking for the causes of the depression and the corruption of big business drove reformers to question social values and traditional Victorian ideals.Americans from all sectors of society were forced to rethink their values and re-evaluate the American dream. This nationwide movement, referred to as the progressive movement, reflected an optimistic belief that perfection was attainable in all press of life. Its primary contribution was a shift from quantitative to qualitative values. Its base was a yearning for self-respect (Avionic 124-125). Americans from all sectors of society were forced to rethink their values and re-evaluate the American dream. A key element to this American dream was the built environment.Frank Lloyd Wright said In the Realm of Ideas: Architecture is life; or at least it is life itself taking form and therefore it is the truest record of life as it was live in the world yesterday, as it is lived today or ever will be lived. Architects post-Victorian attitude reflected a belief in their ability to create a better environment, and in turn a better society (Gowns 36). Through the erupting media of popular magazines, housing reformers extolled the virtues of a new style of architecture, an architecture that valued function and its effect on the occupants. These reformers published numerous articles in Better Homes and Garden and Ladies Home Journal, rejecting the ornate and gaudy interiors of the Picturesque styles and declaring them unhealthy and destructive The ostentatious ornament lacked meaning and was seen as a hallow facade that was leading to the demise of Americas moral fiber. The denouncement of excessive and chaotic styles became an underlying message with the growing interest in progressive architecture.Boosted by the efforts of Gustavo Stickles and the Prairie House interiors of Frank Lloyd Wright, the Arts and Crafts movement embodied this element of simplicity and gained great popularity. The Beaux Arts also grew in popularity, a style which carefully removed excessive ornament, but its appeal remained generally limited to the wealthy. In contrast, the Progressive style let ornament be dictated by the nature of the materials and the uses of given buildings (Gowns 215).Although progressive architects often disagreed on w hat constituted progressive architecture, a critical response to Victorian social ideals and the Victorian home itself was common to the architecture that began in the late nineteenth century. Clearly, a new aesthetic began to line the streets of America. Skyscrapers towered above major cities, including New York and Chicago. In Chicago, Frank Lloyd Wright worked for the architectural firm of Sullivan and Adler. Louis Sullivan famous quote, Form follows function became a central tenet to the new architecture that was beginning to be produced in the late nineteenth century (Curtis 114).Since Sullivan interests primarily focused on skyscrapers and public buildings, Frank Lloyd Wright handled much of the domestic housing design. Gaining notoriety in the design of homes, Wright left the tutelage of Sullivan and started his own architectural firm. The split from Sullivan marked the beginning of seven decades of creation. The development of Wrights philosophy ushered in a modern view of architecture ND how it was understood. Understanding organic architecture required the viewers to dismiss the idea of organic architecture as a style.As Wright said, It is good to have style, but a style is not necessary (Realm, Wright). From the Renaissance to the emergence of Frank Lloyd Wrights career, the dominant styles of architecture were imitations and revivals of historic forms. Especially true in the United States, buildings were dressed in Revival styles and Picturesque styles which, according to critics, were haphazardly thrown together without consideration or the environment and the people who were to live and work inside the structure. Frank Lloyd Wright took Sullivan form follows function to another level, asserting form and function are one (Curtis 114).Wrights view of organic architecture provided principles that served as a springboard to a variety of architectural forms. Of course as the name implied, an understanding and interpretation of nature was critical to organic architecture. The idea of nature as a form of inspiration, however, was not new to architecture. For example, the inspiration for Egyptian columns has been traced back to the lotus and papyrus plant, and the Art Nouveau used leaves and flowers as inspiration by replicating the form in the design (Curtis 30).But nature was not replicated by Wright; instead, he abstracted natural forms. An analogy to this concept can be drawn from the works of Pablo Picasso, who used abstracted forms of known images. The artist forced the audience to look beyond the replication of forms and to develop a new artistic language appropriate to modern times. Similarly, Wright wanted to create a new language of architecture via the organic principles. The following illustrations were taken from A LivingArch texture, which provided a variety Of visual examples Of natural forms and Wrights translation of them into the built environment. The Nautilus shell pictured below in Figure 1 served as a natural inspiration for the Guggenheim Museum, which is pictured in Figure 2. [pica] Figure 1. Nautilus Shell Figure 2. The Guggenheim Museum [Pica] Remembering that Frank Lloyd Wrights career created seven decades of architecture, the details of organic architecture, which continually evolved, surpassed the scope of this paper, but the basic principles will help to understand the philosophy of Wrights work.Another dilemma in defining organic architecture was that the very concept defied formulation, but the following from Bruce Brooks Purifiers A Living Architecture, summarized organic architecture as follows: appropriate to time, place, and people ; Organic architecture is architecture ; Appropriate to time means a building that belongs to the era in which it is created, addresses contemporary life-styles, social patterns and conditions, and employs available materials and new technological methods resourcefully and honestl y. Appropriate to place means a building in harmony with its tartar environment-?a building that in its proportions, materials and design, belongs to its site. ; Appropriate to people means a humane architecture, in human scale. At the core of Frank Lloyd Wrights ideology was a belief that architecture has an inherent connection with both its site and time (www. PBS. Rogers/legacy). The earliest evidence of this can be seen in Wrights Prairie School, which reflected his first efforts to invoke new principles of organic architecture.Eschewing Victorian style homes Wright wrote: What was the matter with the house? Well just for a beginning it died about everything. It had no sense of unity at all nor any such sense of space as should belong to a free people. It was stuck up in any fashion. As the name implied, the inspiration came from the prairie lands of the Midwest. Exhibiting a conspicuously low profile and long horizontal lines, the Prairie School alluded to visions of the Midwest prairies. A home that grew from the land produced a harmonious relationship with the environment.The Robbie House, Figure 3, exemplified this new abstraction of the organic. Hence the lengthened horizontal was never a mere imitation of the prairie. It was an idea, a vital abstraction (Hoffman 10). House [pica] Figure 3. The Robbie By 1900, the Prairie School gained great notoriety and was even published in the popular magazine, Ladies Home Journal. While Frank Lloyd Wright obviously desired to be successful throughout the nation, he continued to stress the importance of building in conjunction with the environment.In other words, a Prairie School would not be appropriate to environments outside of the prairies. The dwelling was to be closely connected to the site. Approximately three decades later, Wrights Billingsgate (Figure 4) illustrated this principle in an even more sophisticated nature than the examples from the Prairie Schools. Built in 1 930, Flannelette appeared to emerge from the landscape. Situated next to tumbling falls, Billingsgate; terraced down the hillside, as if the home was part of the falls. Like many Wright designs, Billingsgate Was not situated to take advantage of the view, but rather to be a part of the view. [pica Figure 4. Billingsgate The example of Flannelette also brings up a crucial element that Wright embraced within the context of organic architecture, the balance between tauter and technology. Frank Lloyd Wrights employment of steel and concrete, modern materials t seemed very unnatural to many people. Technology often symbolized an impersonal and ugly part of society, both in the social and environmental realms.As America plowed into the twentieth century, the balance between nature and technology became increasingly important in Frank Lloyd Wrights designs. Wright recognized that the advances of technology were an integral part of the world around us and embraced the opportunity to find harmony between nature and technology. In the Realm of Ideas, Wright articulated: The machine can do great work-yes-but only when well in the hand of one who does not over estimate its resources, one who knows how to put it to suitable work for human beings (48).The amazing shapes and forms developed by Frank Lloyd Wright, especially in his later work were possible because of technology, but cultivated by man. Still, for some observers, the materials used were far from what was usually considered a natural element of the environment. The Craftsman bungalows employed river rock and rough hewn wood. This was natural. But how did he cantilevered concrete of Billingsgate or the brick exterior of the Robbie House or the swirled cement of the Guggenheim relate to nature?For that answer, Wright once again told the reader to think of nature in an abstract form. He implored readers to look at the nature, the inherent character of the material. Once a person recognized the basic element of wood, brick, and masonry, their nature was recognizable in every application which enabled it to function in the emerging modern world. Certainly the work of Frank Lloyd Wright has forever changed the landscape of America, and like many lilt forms his designs reflected the socio-cultural elements of America from 1890-1960.

Queen Anne an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Queen Anne In any discussion of Queen Annes war, it is perhaps best to begin with an understanding of Queen Anne herself. In many ways, it is odd that she would ever have become queen at all. When Anne Stuart was born, her uncle Charles II was King of England. She was the second oldest of the kings nieces; her sister Mary was the eldest. When Charles II died without heirs, the throne passed to his brother James II. The politics of England were odd at that time and though her parents were Catholic, the bishops of England insisted that Mary and Anne be raised at Protestants, setting Anne at odds with her family over religion. Before their father took the throne of England, James married his eldest daughter off to William of Orange, a Dutch Protestant. Anne was married to Prince George of Denmark in a move many hoped would create an Anglo-Danish alliance against William and the Dutch. The marriage was arranged with assistance from King Louis XIV of France (Blthye, 1998). Need essay sample on "Queen Anne" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed As a fairly distant relative to the royal line and a sickly female child, Anne was not educated in the manner befitting someone who would become the monarch. She was educated in music and literature, but history, civil law and military theory were not among the things that she was taught. By most accounts, the marriage between Prince George and Princess Anne was a loving one and they conceived more than a dozen children but none survived. It is believed that Annes many long-standing illnesses and her bout with small pox as a young woman may have contributed to the weakness and deaths of her children (Blythe, 1998). After her sister married William, Anne and Mary grew distant and Mary even snubbed her little sister while they were in mourning for their father (Bucholz, 1991). James II tried to bring Catholic rule back to England and to rule without input from Parliament. For that, his daughters joined Parliament in opposing him in 1688 in the Glorious Revolution. The revolution changed Britain to a constitutional monarchy and made William and Mary is rulers (Blythe, 1998) Though William and Mary did not treat Anne well during their reign, she was named successor to the throne in 1702 when William died. In 1701, the English had agreed via treaty that if Anne died without heirs the throne of England would pass to the Hanover lineage, distant heirs to the throne in Germany. This angered some Scots who wanted the Stuart line to remain on the throne regardless of religion and thought that if and when Anne died, the throne should pass to her half brother James, another Stuart. To avoid further problems with the Scots, one of Annes first and most lasting acts as Queen was the Act of Union, uniting England and Scotland under one crown (Blythe, 1998). Anne would p rove to be the last Stuart on the throne and was the first married woman to serve as Queen of England. She had 17 pregnancies, including 12 miscarriages and none of her children lived to adulthood. Her husband, Prince George, was an alcohol with breathing troubles and the royal family often travelled to Bath in an attempt to heal their various ills. Queen Anne was treated with the finest medical treatments of the day, including bleeding and burning with flat irons in an attempt to heal her. The final years of her reign were marked by the extreme illness of the Queen (Blythe, 1998). When taking the throne of England, Anne had an axe to grind. The first queen born to an English mother and raised almost exclusively in Britain since Queen Elizabeth, she knew she had a lot to live up to. Additionally, Princess Anne had not been treated well by other royals and was looking forward to making those who had mistreated her, such as William and Mary, pay for their indiscretion (Bucholz, 1991). Though her sister and brother-in-law were dead, Anne desparately wanted the recognition they had failed to give her. So it was that the Queen, who many called weak-willed and easily led, determined after the death of Charles II in Spain that France and Spain, sworn enemies of the British Empire, should not be allowed to come together under a common royal lineage. Inter-marrying among the nobles of Europe was common at that time and those in line for the throne in both France and Spain could also in theory be an heir to the throne in the other country. This seems to be the most obvious goal of Queen Annes War, avoid allowing one ruler to rule the huge colonial powers of Spain and France. But dominance and colonization were also among the Queens goals. "In the War of the Spanish Succession and the ensuing negotiation of the several treaties signed at Utrecht on 11 April 1713, questions of trade and colonies were never far from the minds of French, British, and Dutch statesmen. Louis XIV himself went so far as to write in 1709 that the "object" of the war was "the trade of the Indies"." (Miquelon 2001) At the beginning of the war, Spain and France were the powerhouses in colonization, especially in the Americas. Queen Annes War helped to give the British a major foothold in Canada and also re-wrote the makeup of the Caribbean islands. Queen Anne decided that it was in her countrys best interest not to let the grandchildren of Louis XIV of France rule Spain and France under a united throne.. Allied with the Dutch, Anne determined that the war, in Europe known as the War of Spanish Succession, would not end with a united France and Spain. Whigs in Parliament were calling for the complete destruction of France and Queen Anne was among the most vocal supporters of the war effort (Bucholz, 1991). Almost as soon as the war was declared, the country was solidly behind its Queen and wanted nothing more than for her to crush their colonial rivals, Spain and France. In November, 1702, even graffiti artists expressed their support for the Queen and her war, writing, "As threatening Spain did to Eliza bow, So France and Spain shall do to Anna now" (Bucholz, 1991). Queen Annes objective in the war was quite simple: prevent the French and Spanish from becoming long-term allies. With the death of Charles II of Spain, it was clear that the intermingled royal blood of France and Spain had left numerous heirs with claims to both thrones. England and most of Britain feared the results of a unified France and Spain, because of their colonial dominance and their access to trade around the world. Charles II named his closest relative in the female line, the man who would become Phillip V, heir to the throne. The Hapsburgs in Austria disputed this line of ascension, largely because Phillip was also the grandson of the French King Louis XIV. ("The Treaties" 2002) If Charles Ii had reached back further in the royal lineage, he could have named one of the Austrian Hapsburgs as successor to the throne. Of course, the immediate effect of the war was an alliance of Spain and France, but by 1706, and again in 1709, the French were suing for peace and Britain simply wasnt listening. The queen also had other goals for the war. Louis XIV himself said the war was about trade and colonies (Rich, 1954). Her allies also had important goals. The Holy Roman Empire wanted the Hapsburgs to be named as the rightful heirs to the Spanish throne and Queen Anne wanted to make sure that no one would dispute the claim of the House of Hanover, the Protestants, as heirs to the British throne (Hill, 1973). She had no desire to see her half-brother, a Catholic on the throne of England. By the time the war was done, most of what Queen Anne wanted would come to true and her allies would be left with whatever leftovers the British happened to give them. One of the first provisions of the treaty, though it is not spelled out quite that way, is to name Anne the rightful Queen of Britain and to acknowledge her lineage as the rightful heirs to the throne. This is done via the wording of the first article of the treat in which the two declare, "That there be an universal perpetual peace, and a true and sincere friendship, between the most Serene and most Potent Princess Anne, Queen of Great Britain, and the most Serene and most Potent Prince Lewis XIV, the most Christian King, and their Heirs and Successors, as also the Kingdoms, States, and Subjects of both, as well without as within Europe;" ("Treaty" 2001). By acknowledging Queen Anne as the Queen of Britain and declaring a perpetual peace between the two nations, Louis XIV is giving credence to Anne Stuarts claim that the House of Hanover is the legitimate heirs to the British throne and is in essence saying that his country will not dispute her claim to the throne. For Anne, who had been maligned by the Catholic royalty of Europe this was an important concession of the treaty (Bucholz, 1991). For Queen Anne, the acknowledgement from her peers in Europe that she was the supreme monarch of the British empire was every bit as important as the concessions in the New World and other colonial regions. The Queen preferred rules and regulations to the merchants concerns of worldwide trade and colonization. In Articles 12 and 13 of the treaty, the French agree to grant Britain control of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but retained for France the right to fish in the waters near Newfoundland and to erect small drying huts there to process the fish ("Treaty" 2001). For Queen Anne, this was something of an unexpected boon; for the Whigs, this was a small portion of the debt that France should have to pay to be granted peace. The treaty further granted that Phillip V would indeed be acknowledged as the King of Spain, despite the objection of many of Britains allies. But to prevent a combining of France and Spain under one ruler ever, Phillip V had to renounce all claims for him and his descendants to the throne of France and Phillips family, the other grandsons of Louis XIV had to renounce all claims to the Spanish throne ("The Treaties" 2002). The series of treaties and renunciations of the end of the war is almost unheard of at other times in history. Emperor Karl IV had to renounce his claims to Spain and Spain have to cede territories to many of the Grand Alliance, including giving parts of Italy to Austria. In short, the in-breeding among European nobles had left several people with indirect claims to the throne of more than one country. The Austrians had hoped to instill one of their own as King in Spain, gaining more power in the colonization process and access to the sea. In a concession to France, and because the Queen did not care if the Austrians were satisfied or not, Louis XIVs grandson as allowed to take his place as the new King. But, the Queen did not want France and Spain to end up in the hands of a single ruler and did not want to offend Austria too much, so she added provisions for everyone to renounce their claims to everyone elses throne. The legality of this maneuver is still debated by those who believe descendants of Phillip V should have a claim to the French throne even though the monarchy no longer exists. Also important to the English queen, her war helped secure British control of the New World, striking back at the French foothold on North America and ushering in three decades of peace between Britain and France in Europe. The two countries divided and re-divided the colonies at a whim over the years and skirmishes were fought in the colonies during the 30-year peace, but both countries longed for and got peace in Europe. WORKS CITED Blythe, Richard. "Queen Anne Stuart" February, 1998. http://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/anne.html July 6, 2007. Bucholz, R.O. "Nothing But Ceremony" Queen Anne and the Limitations of Royal Ritual, Journal of British Studies, July 1991, p. 288-323, http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-9371%28199107%2930%3A3%3C288%3A%22BCQAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23>, July 5, 2007. Miquelon, Dale. "Envisioning the French Empire: Utrecht, 1711-1713" French Historical Studies, Vol. 24, No. 4. (Autumn, 2001). pp. 653-677 Rich, E. E. "The Hudsons Bay Company and the Treaty of Utrecht" Cambridge Histroical Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1954), pp. 183-203 "The Treaty of Utrecht", 2004. "The Treaties of Utrecht" , November 21, 2002.

The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essays

The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essays The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essay The Defeat Of The Spanish Armada Essay The Spanish Armada was a powerful navy that attempted to enter England by force in 1588.This navy had been called previously The Invincible Armada, because the Spaniards thought that it could not be defeated (The History of).Philip II of Spain had many reasons to want to get rid of Queen Elizabeth.For a long time, English ships had been attacking Spanish treasure ships and raiding Spanish settlements in the Americas.Queen Elizabeth declined punishing the privateers and would not return the treasures that they had acquired.Another reason was the making of England an uncomfortable country for Catholics, since they could be fined or kept captive for not attending the Protestant Church.As she encouraged Protestant ideas, she was willing to fight against Catholic Spain.English troops had been fighting together with the Dutch rebels in their war opposing their Spanish rulers (Shenkman). The mentioned fleet was made up of 130 ships and 30,000 men, the majority of which were soldiers.On the other hand, the English carried no army at all, and only 16,000 sailors, along with long-range cannons on low quick ships to get manoeuvrability. The unforgettable Spanish defeat by the English comes still as a surprise for many, who cannot understand how they could crush a navy of such size.The commander of the armada was the Duke of Medina Sidonia, who accepted Philips appointment unwillingly since he did not have any military experience as the Spanish tactic, getting close to the enemy and let soldiers jump over to the opponents ships, gave away easily.The Duke was chosen because the previous commander had died in February that year, and because he was the greatest Spanish noble of the time.Even so, the Armada was still considered unbeatable (Mazour). The 30th of May of 1588, the Spanish Armada left towards English waters from Lisbon, Portugal, after the Pope had blessed the attack.Almost

Sonny's Blues (the story) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sonny's Blues (the story) - Essay Example In creating the characters of Sonny’s Blue, Baldwin has used the typical old idea of the ‘good and bad’ and made the two brothers the antagonist of each other. The elder brother, who narrates the story, is a very mature and sensible person, works as a teacher and is highly protective and concerned about his younger sibling. In contrast, the younger lad, Sonny, is said to be quite immature and does have neither the courage nor the will to withstand the pressures of the society. He deliberately indulges himself in drugs and music, considering them an escape route. Despite all the efforts the elder brother makes to help him adjust rightfully in the society, Sonny still gives in to the social pressures and becomes both a drug addict and a singer. He chooses Jazz music for his songs especially because he thinks that such a type of music allows him great liberty to express out the aggression and frustration that continues to build up inside him day by day. Brotherly love, affection and concern are what make the elder brother oppose the lifestyle the younger one has adopted. His opposition and Sonny’s stubbornness ultimately results in confrontation and conflict between the two of them and finally to an end of the friendship the two shared amongst themselves. The tension is great to such extent between the two that the younger tells the elder one to consider him dead from that moment on after they end up fighting really bad one night. Sadly, the elder brother behaves as immaturely as Sonny and turns his back on him too. It is only a whole year later that the elder one hears about Sonny, that too from a newspaper which says that he has been arrested by the police officials on charges of drug addiction. He then feels guilty and blames himself for the mess his brother has got into, thinking he should not have given up on him no matter what the circumstances were. Also,

Business Etiquette in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Etiquette in the USA - Essay Example However, when one decides to use them for taking notes in meetings, it’s appropriate to inform the attendees in advance so that it’s not seen like you are distracted or not concentrating in the meeting. Moreover, only urgent calls should be received and the attendees should know in advance so that it does not raise eyebrows when the call is received. Social media sites have ensured that person are contact with each other regardless of their geographical area (Zimmerman). Moreover, barriers have been removed and information is shared globally. Furthermore, small companies are now able to play powerfully against the bigger companies. In addition, the help of proper social media can help boost the success of a business. Companies with many followers on social media sites are usually thrown in the field of customer care, mailing and texting (Zimmerman). Moreover, it is impossible to have direct conversation with many clients. Therefore, it is essential that a company has a customer care department where clients send their concerns. Furthermore, the business owners should ensure that a replied link to the page is done immediately to avoid being rude to the customers. People should maintain positive attitudes when conducting business regardless of their personal moods. Moreover, being rude or bad moods can cost one their clients and career. Furthermore, public criticism should not be tolerated at any time as this shows a bad image of your personality. In addition, in business one should be time conscious as time is a valuable commodity. Foul language or swearing should not be used to make a point as it shows a negative attitude to others. Moreover, humour can be used other than swearing as it helps keep attention on you. Furthermore, when conducting a business meeting or at work place people should be given a respectable distance during conversations. In addition, one should acknowledge others at

Computers In Our Life Media Essay

Computers In Our Life Media Essay We cannot imagine our life without computers. The fact is that they are so important that we can not exist without them. Since 1948, they are everywhere around us. When the first real computer has been invented our life has changed so much that we can call it real digital revolution. First computers were differed from todays ones. The first well-known computer in the world was ENIAC, the Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator. ENIAC took up an entire room, generated quite a bit of heat, and did much less work than a standard PC or laptop of today. Still, for its time, it was a huge leap forward. Computers progressed from punch-card programming to actual written programs with commands built in. Scientists today are working on computers with artificial intelligence that can think for themselves within defined limits. This development could have huge advantages. Think of a vacuum cleaner that can identify a dusty spot and go back to clean it up, or a dishwasher that identifies when the dishes are not quite clean, and runs for another five minutes. Computers created the information age, where huge amounts of data could be processed. This has led to many advantages in modern life, including easily balancing your bank statement or brokerage account, using dictionary and encyclopedia programs, even planning and designing a new kinds of houses or machines and everything like this, is possible on your computer. There is software available for almost any need, and if you have a notebook or laptop computer, those programs could go anywhere you go. From writing a letter to designing a birthday card, there is nothing you could not do with a computer. The Internet also has brought even more drastic changes. Using your computer, you could go online, and access the Worldwide Web (WWW). You could connect to other computers, huge databases, university or county libraries, banks, or your utility company. There is hardly a bill that could not to be paid online these days no more licking stamps. If you have a friend or family member living a long distance away, you could contact them by skype or facebook for free, saving money in long-distance charges. Movies, songs, and games could be downloaded via the Internet to your computer, and many of them are free, as well. Do your banking online at 2am, or take an online class in math or basket weaving. The Internet has truly revolutionized how we connect with other people, as well as businesses. There is not one area of our lives that computers and the Internet have not affected. Nowadays they are also used by scientist and they may also be as huge as the old ones but they are millions times faster. They could perform many complex operations simultaneously and scientist practically could not do without them. Thanks to them people has access to enormous amount of information. Gathering data has never been more simple than now. They are not only used in laboratories but also in factories to control production. But not only in science and industry computers are being used. Thanks to them modern medicine could diagnose diseases faster and more thoroughly. Also in banking system computers have become irreplaceable. They control ATMs, all data is stored on special hard disks and paper is not used in accountancy any more. Furthermore, architects, designers and engineers could not imagine their work without computers. This machines are really everywhere and we depend on them also in such fields as criminology. They help police to solve crimes and collect evidence. Moreover, computers are wide-spread in education. Except their classic tasks such as administration and accountancy they are used in process of learning. Firstly, they store enormous amount of data which helps students to gain an information. Secondly, thanks to special teaching techniques and programs they improve ours skills of concentration and assimilation of knowledge. They have become so popular that not knowing how to use them means to be illiterate. While there are things to watch out for, overall most people agree that the huge advantages that have come from computers and the Internet far outweigh any disadvantages. Of course except this superb features there is also dark side of computer technology because every invention brigs us not only benefits but also threats. Some scientist said that computers are dangerous to our health. The monitors used to be dangerous for our eyesight. Nowadays due to technological development they are very safe. But there are other threats to our health than damaging our sight. Working with computers and permanent looking on the monitor could cause epilepsy, especially with children. Very often parents want to have a rest and do not draw enough attention to how long their children use computer,but this negative effects also concerns TV screen. Other main disadvantage of computers is that sometimes they brake down like everything else.And the biggest problem is when our hard disk brakes down because of the data stored on it. Other hardware is easily replaceable. But there are many ways of avoiding consequences of loosing our data, for example by saving it on compact disks. Except hardware failures there are also software ones. For example, for many years Windows Operating System was very unstable and that is why many other operating systems were written. Now the most common are Linux, Windows XP, MacOs (for Macintosh computers). Except of unstable operating systems another and maybe the main threat to our data are computer viruses. There are billions of them and every day new ones come into being. If you have the Internet connection you have to be particularly careful and download anti-virus programs. Fortunately, there are also many of them and most of them are freeware. You have to remember to download updates. But viruses ,unfortunately,are not so big disadvantage as violence and sex. The main threat to younger users of computers are internet pornography and bloody games. The presence of sexual content or level of violence should be properly marked and parents are obliged to draw their attention to this issue. There are many extremely bloody games such as grand theft auto, quake etc. For example, in GTA you are a member of mafia and to promote in crime hierarchy you should kidnap people, steal cars, robe banks etc. As a bonus you can also run over pedestrians. There are also many games in which you are a soldier and your mission is to kill as many enemies as possible. The other threat to our children is internet pornography. The availability of sexual content is enormous and you can do practically nothing to protect your child, especially when it is interested in this matter . And in the end if you spend most of your free time using computer you should go to see a psychologist,because you become a computer addictted. This is real new illness connected usually with using of social network like Facebook,My space ,Skype,etc.But if we want to understand how people became addicted to social networks and computers at all,we will try to find how this Products become so popular. The fast computer development help us for one new idea realization, so in the end of 2003 it has been popularized, a new opportunity for communication and information sharing the social networks. In the beginning were Classmates.com, SixDegrees.com, and Friendster introducing the notion of friend connection. These sites made the way for the most popular sites these days such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter and Youtube. Each of it boasts hundreds of millions of active members around the world. It is hard to find a school or college student who does not use Facebook, MySpace or Youtube. The tipping point of the online social networks mass addiction have been reached and it will continue growing, but social networking is not just for children. In Facebook more of its users are out of school, college and university and those 25 years and older represent the fastest growing group of people. Only between June and November 2008 Facebook grew to 120 million users this means that Facebook is th e largest online social networking site in addition it also has one of the most used advertising tools. In second place is MySpace owned Fox Interactive Media it is a popular site among teenagers and adults and is known as a media and entertainment destination. Most of the celebrities have profiles there to keep connection with their fans. MySpace is similar to Facebook and offer hyper targeting capabilities. The social networks are the new era of the human connections and we may say, that today we are making the first steps to the new cyber society.Other step could be computerizing of education in schools,because children always like playing games and learning their lessons on computers. The machines present the world through pictures, music, sound and text. It is amazing and exciting. The young learners enjoy playing on computers. They would like to be a part of ICT education and wish to know more from all over our planet. In 1999, Sugata Mitra, and his colleagues dig a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, install an Internet-connected PC and leave it there (with a hidden camera filming the area). They are going to observe kids from the slum who play around with the computer. They are going to know the process of learning or how do the children use it, how do they go online and then teaching each other. In August 2008 Mitra, who is Professor of Educational Technology presented how kids figured out how to use PC in their own and then taught other kids. His study found the following: I had an office in those days which bordered a slum, an urban slum, so there was a dividing wall between our office and the urban slum. They cut a hole inside that wall which is how it has got the name hole-in-the-wall and put a pretty powerful PC into that hole, sort of embedded into the wall so that its monitor was sticking out at the other end, a touchpad similarly embedded into the wall, put it on high-speed Internet, put the Internet Explorer there, put it on Altavista.com in those days and just left it there. The professor describes the process of learning between the children. He believes that the young learners can learn fast. They are interested in all over around them. They can learn English, too. According to Mitra, So eight minutes and an embedded computer seemed to be all that we needed there . English is easy because the kids use CDs and remember words when they play on the computers. Mitra s study found the following: This is the first kid who came there; he later on turned out to be a 13-year-old school dropout. He came there and he started to fiddle around with the touchpad. Very quickly he noticed that when he moves his finger on the touchpad something moves on the screen and later on he told me, I have never seen a television where you can do something. So he figured that out. It took him over two minutes to figure out that he was doing things to the television. And then, as he was doing that, he made an accidental click by hitting the touchpad youll see him do that. He did that, and the Internet Explorer changed page. Eight minutes later, he looked from his hand to the screen, and he was browsing: he was going back and forth. When that happened, he started calling all the neighborhood children, like children would come and see whats happening over here. And by the evening of that day, 70 children were all browsing. So we thought that this is what was happening: that children in groups can s elf-instruct themselves to use a computer and the Internet. The professor makes the experiment in Pakistan, the area of the Himalaya Range, too. Everywhere the children try to learn more and to teach themselves. They wish to know the English Alphabet and Mitra found The first thing that these children did was to find a website to teach themselves the English alphabet . In the end of your lecture, the professor makes conclusions. He thinks that computers can be useful educational tools when the kids discover the world around them. They can help children to learn languages and to improve the communication through the special Windows functions like browsing, painting, chatting, etc. According to Mitra, What could they learn to do? Basic Windows functions, browsing, painting, chatting and email, games and educational material, music downloads, playing video . His conclusions are important and they would be useful in the work of many teachers. Mitra s study found the following: So what was the conclusion over the six years of work? It was that primary education can happen on its own, or parts of it can happen on its own. It does not have to be imposed from the top downwards. It could perhaps be a self-organizing system, so that was and the second bit that I wanted to tell you, that children can self-organize and attain an educational objective. The idea of a hole in a wall is innovative because many children would like to have great opportunities for excellent education, work and life. The computers can be named windows of knowledge because the knowledge is a power. The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught, as that every child should be given the wish to learn. And in conclusion we want to say that the situation all over the world is very serious. Computers and computer based machines are practically irreplaceable and we can not make without them any more. They are everywhere, at our homes, schools, at work, in our cars. It is very possible that the next stage of human evolution will be some kind of superb mix of half human and half machines. On the other hand I don not think it will be the closest future. But the truth is that computers will rule the world sooner or later ,because they do not make a human mistakes and also do not have feelings ,which command human relation and work.

Patch Adams

Patch Adams Patch Adams is very interesting to watch. From the beginning of the story, there is the willingness of the viewers to watch the movie till the end. It is simple but not on its meaning. It does not only talk about the life of patch, the doctors, patients, students but also the nurses who are always in the side of the patients. Its focus is more on personality. Meeting people that will pull you down then lift you up and changing their views is one of your amazing deeds and help.And even there are those people who helped you to build your dreams they must never be the reason to break it instead they will be the one who strengthen you to pursue it, even if they will be gone someday. It has a message that is no matter what; don’t let something to discourage you from what you love and who you are. It is not just any movie that will make you cry because of sad parts but because of the fact that even you have done good things it might followed by bad happenings. There are things that can not be prevented.It is the best example for many cases of being confused in oneself, not only in mental capacity of thinking but also the ability to know yourself. Patch was helped by this brilliant man, Arthur Mendelson, to see through problems which made me realize on simple things. Patch is not just an ordinary man. He knows the feeling when you give and help which gave him a reason to be a doctor. He might think of the wrong solution yet it led him to the corner of his way to the right direction. When Patch is treating patients in his clinic with his classmates as volunteers, he shows that we are a community that can help each other.There are these services that do not only look for payments but for the happiness and benefit they will bring to other people. He heals people in a beautiful way, more in a funny way. Breaking rules is not always a bad thing. Sometimes it will let you know that there are things not to be followed to have a better result. Maybe as a do ctor, you know everything in the book but what makes you sad is that you can’t even make an old woman to eat. You may have understood everything but how about to make someone eat? And as the main point for doctors, we should not just prevent death but also to maintain life.

Adult Education Study Simulators

The understanding of educational theory improves the quality of teaching taking place in schools. Indeed, according to Podeschi and Pearson (2003, p. 89), continued exposure to diverse educational theories help instructors to apply best practices in day-to-day teaching activities.Further, instructors are more likely to apply a different teaching method, which helps in understanding what works best with different students and lessons. The resulting system is mutually beneficial among educational stakeholders: teachers improve on respective professionalism, students receive high quality education, and school administration becomes more efficient in executing duties and responsibilities.Instructional processes being used by this researcher will definitely be improved upon reading the chapter. Most importantly, the understanding of factors influencing instruction delivery among adult students would results to change in strategies.This instructor will therefore embark on understanding spe cific factors before developing strategies to be applied. The strategy of involving adult students in the development of individuals’ academic goals will also get incorporated in the new instructional processes. The newly improved procedures will be implemented and consequently get evaluated regularly.In order to understand the participation rate in the local population, a group of ten adults were randomly selected and asked various questions regarding their propensity to participate. Four of the selected adults are active participants in adult education, whereas the rest (six) said they would like to participate but lack time.Those currently undergoing adult education do so through weekend classes as well as summer school. The adults were more inclined to attend group classes instead of studying privately.Participants of organized adult education are better positioned to succeed compared to individuals on self-directed learning, considering professionalism involved in adult educational systems (Knowles, 1999, p. 213). Organized education benefits from various teachers with wider experience and knowledge to guide adults in attaining respective academic goals.Participants in organized classes further get opportunities to share with each other, which enhances the understanding of concepts taught in classes. On the other hand, adults on self-directed learning have the advantage of concentrating on subjects and concepts of interest, which lacks in organized reaching.This instructor’s recruitment of adult education will be influenced by what has been learnt in the chapter. The new understanding on individuals more likely to participate in adult education will especially be of help. The instructor will embark on the process as recruiting adult students from both groups—those who are more likely to enroll and succeed and those with difficulties.Both groups will further get mixed in all the classes and educational activities. Mixed classes are, ac cording to Moos and Tricket (2004, p. 117) better placed to motivate struggling adult students to succeed academically. This will also help in the process of reducing chances of me drop out from the struggling students. Most importantly, the instructor will ensure encouraging students from either group to interact more in class activities.The instructor will further work closely with individual students with the intention of establishing a working rapport. This way, students would feel free to express their hardships to the instructor and therefore increase chances of resolving issues before reaching crisis level.Knowing adult students’ cognitive and learning styles are a must for teachers involved in the sector. Indeed, it is only through such knowledge that teachers can successfully help students achieve respective academic goals. Having such understanding helps teachers to come up with strategies that improve students’ ability to grasp concepts taught in their class es.Fort instance, understanding that some students learn better by just listening to lectures and others through visual aids, teachers are more likely to combine strategies. This would mean running lectures in combination with lecture notes for those who learn better through reading and PowerPoint slides for those in need of visual aids. Such approach leaves all students with better understanding.Though there exists little data relating to motivating general public in taking part in adult education, it is with no doubt that improving awareness would improve enrollment rates.This instructor will therefore embark on improving awareness of adult education courses within the locality, which would be achieved in collaboration with relevant departments. In addition to improving awareness, diversity in student’ body would be enhanced at various levels, which would leave participants stronger in their academic endeavors.There exist some differences between youth and adult students, e specially regarding needs and preferences. Adult students are more likely to prefer the traditional lecture notes instructions delivery, whereas the youth would prefer aggressive usage of information technology (Knowles, 1999, p. 72).To the youths, sitting down and consequently taking lecture notes sounds tedious—significant portion prefer having lectures delivered through IT, especially the Internet, where they can access at afterwards and regularly. On the other hand, adults are less inclined to rely on information technology, because they lack, or have little of the required technical skills.The first step in designing class instructions for adult students is to request them to share goals they would like to achieve. This instructor would arrange for a meeting with individual students and consequently collect views and concerns that would be incorporated in the instructions. Instructor will thus understand each student needs that will be considered in curriculum developmen t process.The traditional lectures, which most adult students are comfortable with, would become the primary teaching method. However, the instructor will embark on incorporating information technology throughout the process. The use of technology will also provide adult students to learn about the modern methods and thus overcome the digital divide barrier separating them from youth students.Wild Wide Web, PowerPoint presentations, and email communication between teachers and students will be used widely. All lecture and learning material will be posted on class website, where students can refer at their own convenience. As discussed above, the instructor will arrange for private meeting time with individual students.These meetings will be used to gage students’ comfort in using information technology—problems in using the system would be dealt with accordingly. In addition, the meetings would be used to understand whether the goals set in advance have been achieved. Students will therefore get a chance to get the much-needed counsel.The same processes can be applied with regard to youth education, given that they are in need of much support. Youth students are more likely to lack self-control and discipline that are required in academics. It is important for teachers in lower and upper academic levels to embark on improving this much-needed discipline in their students.This will serve them well in latter years, especially when they participate in adult education. The long run beneficiaries of improved understanding of education theories would therefore include stakeholders from all walks of life: teachers would become more efficient in their professions, whereas students benefit from high quality teaching methods.References Knowles, M. (1999). Pedagogy versus Andragogy. New York: Routledge.Moos, P. & Trickett, E. (2004). Classroom Environment. Palo Alto: CPP.Pearson, E. & Podeschi, R.   (2003). Humanism & Individualism in Adult Education. Adu lt-Education Quarterly. Vol. 50 (3): 39-55.   

Essay about Environmental themes in the Poem Dust by...

Dust, written by Judith Wright, discusses the concepts of a destroyed, empty world and a mother reflecting on the days when the â€Å"Earth was kinder†. Through her poem she shows the audience her fears for the world and how the world will become barren and â€Å"sick† if the environment is not cared for. This is typical of Judith Wright, with environmental themes central to many of her poems. The emotive responses that are evoked while reading this poem are extremely strong. A great sadness is experienced as she describes the barren new word and contrasts it to the previous one. To convey the moral of this poem Wright has employed many different literary and poetic techniques. These range over three major categories, imagery, structure and†¦show more content†¦Evil also personifies the earth with these conations stating that the once kind â€Å"earth turns evil†. Together with grief’s taste this helps the reader to visualise even more clearly the future earth which Wright imagines. From the picture that she has developed inside the reader’s head Wright hopes for them to get a better understanding and a greater concern for the consequences that follow a lack of environmental attention. Judith Wright extensively uses the structure of her poems to convey many ideas and themes. The structure of a poem is crucial to delivering its key message as it determines both the tone and how the poem is read. She shows the reader throughout the poem how the dust, which is symbolic of the barren emptiness that has â€Å"overtaken†¦ dreams† of beauty and comfort as well as financial dependence, will consume the earth if the current environment is not conserved and protected. Wright’s use of title emphasizes this point in the clearest way she can and re-enforces her major concept to the audience. Another example of how structure is used in this poem is juxtaposition. The first and second stanzas are strategically placed next to each other because of their greatly opposing descriptions. In stanza one, the new world of dust and wind, many negative adjectives are used, such as â€Å"harsh†, â€Å"grief† and â€Å"steel-shocked†. Stanza two, whic h talks about the past, contains a wide range of positive adjectives such as â€Å"good†, â€Å"kinder† and â€Å"beautiful†.